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Nathan Goodyear

The relationship between testosterone, metabolic syndrome, and mean carotid intima-media thickness in aging men, The Aging Male, Informa Healthcare - 0 views

informahealthcare.com/...13685538.2014.958458

low T Testosterone low T low Testosterone aging male metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome IMT carotid intima-media thickness men hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Sep 14
     
    Low Testosterone is associated with increased IMT.  Low T is associated with Mets.  MetS is associated with low T.  MetS is associated with increased IMT.
Nathan Goodyear

Relationship between Low Free Testosterone Levels and Loss of Muscle Mass : Scientific Reports : Nature Publishing Group - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep01818.html

muscle men male hormone Testosterone free Testosterone low T low Testosterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Our data confirm that a low FT level is a significant predictor of a risk for loss of appendicular muscle
  • Total lean mass is associated with bioavailable T in postmenopausal women
  • Further studies are needed to determine the role of androgens in preserving muscle mass in women
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Approximately 1% to 2% of T in the blood exists as FT
  • appendicular muscle loss was significantly associated with low levels of FT
  • These results suggest that a threshold level of FT exists for muscle loss, rather than a dose-response relationship
  • In the previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of French and American men, no dose-response relationships were reported between T and muscle mass
  • A minimal serum level of FT may be needed to preserve muscle mass in men, regardless of race/ethnicity.
  • Our result is in line with previous studies that reported a relationship between low FT and low muscle mass in men
  • T stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscle cells
  • T also increases satellite cell replication and activation in older men
  • In this study, no significant association between TT levels and muscle loss were observed
  • Although a progressive decrease in TT levels with ageing is observed in middle-aged and elderly American men16, 17, the TT levels do not change during ageing in Japanese men
  • FT levels may be a good marker for the loss of muscle mas
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Mar 15
     
    study of Japanese men finds that low free Testosterone was a predictor of decrease in muscle mass.
Nathan Goodyear

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/tre.178/asset/178_ftp.pdf;jsessionid=F122C7B33C8E447F14B0F0AE2690DD32.f03t02?v=1&t=it8y4ddd&s=5b3e62873a24ff3d2f9f216df22e199a5068cbc4 - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...C8E447F14B0F0AE2690DD32.f03t02

prostate cancer prostate cancer low T low Testosterone Testosterone therapy Testosterone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Sep 16
     
    A revisit of the saturation model of Testosterone therapy and prostate cancer.  Review finds Testosterone therapy does not "appear to promote prostate cancer growth".  The saturation model is the thought around the AR.  At low concentrations, there is a greater sensitivity of Testosterone to AR binding at very low T levels; but above those very low T levels, prostate cancer becomes insensitive to the Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

The prevalence of prediabetes in population of Polish men with late-onset hypogonadism, The Aging Male, Informa Healthcare - 0 views

informahealthcare.com/...13685538.2014.936000

low T Testosterone low T low Testosterone men male hormone hormones hypogonadism diabetes pre diabetes pre-diabetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Jul 14
     
    Study of late onset of low T in polish men found a significantly increased prevalence of glucose metabolism dysregulation when compared to normal T control group.  In the low T group, Total Testosterone and Free Testosterone levels were decreased. 
Nathan Goodyear

Combination of low free testosterone and low vitamin D predicts mortality in older men referred for coronary angiography - Lerchbaum - Clinical Endocrinology - Wiley Online Library - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...D20A93EC07A84FC9BE2250A.d01t04

low T testosterone CVD mortality men vitamin D D3

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 12
     
    low Testosterone is associated with increased CVD and mortality.  Add in low Vitamin D and you have lethal combination for men.  Low vitamin D and low T are a dangerous combination for men for CVD and all cause mortality.  
Nathan Goodyear

The rs5934505 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with low testosterone and late-onset hypogonadism, but the rs10822184 SNP is assoc... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...26602056

epigenetics low T low Testosterone Testosterone SNPs

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 17
     
    Four SNPs, rs12150660, rs727428, rs5934505, and rs10822184 associated with late-onset hypogonadism (low T) and obesity in men of European descent.  In Chinese populations, rs5934505 was associated with increased risk of low Total Testosterone and calculated free Testosterone.  OR was 2.01 for low TT and 2.14 for low calculated free Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

The 20-Year Public Health Impact and Direct Cost of Testosterone Deficiency in U.S. Men - Moskovic - 2012 - The Journal of Sexual Medicine - Wiley Online Library - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...48D8B444401449DB28B6867.d03t01

low T low testosterone cost costs low testosterone deficiency

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Feb 13
     
    This study assumes a 13% low T prevalence.  Probably too low.  This will only grow.  Low T contributes to many disease states in men. This study showed a cost of 190-525$ billion in cost from these disease states over a 20 year time period.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone Treatment and Sexual Function in Older Men with Low Testosterone Levels: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism: Vol 0, No 0 - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2016-1645

low T low Testosterone Testosterone male hormones libido ED estradiol hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jul 16
     
    new study finds that men >65 with low libido and Testosterone levels < 275 increase sexual function with Testosterone therapy.  Only libido was improved; no benefit to erectile function was noted--note that is likely due to depleted NO.  Given time that should improve with he increase in NO synthase and thus NO.  I have a fault with on elf the comments on this study: they point out that increased free Testosterone and estradiol levels were associated with improved sexual activity.  This lacks an understanding of the physiology.  In men with low T > 65, the majority are dealing with inflammation and excess weight; all of which increase aromatase activity and thus estradiol activity.  This does not indicate that an increase in estradiol activity is associated with improved libido in men.  How can elevated estrogen levels lead to low T and then increase levels are associated with improved libido?  This is merely a reflection of the body's dysfunctional physiology.  This observation of increased estradiol by no means shows cause and effect.  Scientists need to due a better job in vetting what they write!
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone Deficiency, Cardiac Health, and Older Men - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4000629

low T low Testosterone hypogonadism men male hormone hormones Testosterone therapy disease diabetes metabolic syndrome osteoporosis HIV infertility opiates

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • 2.1 standard deviations in total testosterone was associated with a 25% increase in mortality
  • Erectile dysfunction is an established marker for future cardiovascular risk and the major presenting symptom leading to a diagnosis of low testosterone
  • There is a considerable body of evidence that low testosterone is associated with increased cardiovascular and cancer mortality
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • There is considerable evidence of modest cardiac and metabolic benefits that are shown to reduce cardiovascular risk plus sexual, mood, and quality of life changes associated with restoring testosterone levels
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    low Testosterone is associated with increased mortality in men and Testosterone therapy in men with low T is associated with a reduction in mortality in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal a... [Andrology. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24282162

low T Testosterone diabetes LH men male hormone hormones glucose

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Dec 13
     
    Increasing glucose levels associated with declining LH pulses in men with type II diabetes.  This is one proposed mechanism for low T in men.  There has been great debate about if low T was in part the cause of Diabetes or an effect of diabetes.  This proposes that low T is due to a decreased LH pulse as a result of rising glucose.
Nathan Goodyear

Prevalence and Correlates of Late-Onset Hypogonadism Among Korean Men Aged 40 Years or Older in Primary Care - 0 views

online.liebertpub.com/...jomh.2013.1505

hypogonadism low T Testosterone male men hormone hormones metabolic syndrome diabetes obesity age

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Apr 14
     
    Study of Korean men finds late onset of hypogonadism to be 16.8% in their study of 1,235 men older than 40.  This is a higher rate than other studies, but lower than others (38.7% in American men).  The test definition of low T was set at 3.2 ng/ml.  Abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and increasing age were associated with low T. Low T is clearly not a problem unique to America.  It definitely appears that a decreasing Testosterone level is a marker of poor health in men.  
Nathan Goodyear

Late onset hypogonadism of men is not equivalent t... [Maturitas. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25042874

low t low Testosterone low T Testosterone men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 23 Jul 14
     
    published ahead of print, so full article is not available.  Abstract points to low T as a result of metabolic factors i.e. obesity, inflammation...This is true.  The authors, in the abstract, point to the differences in Menopause in women versus low T in men.  
Nathan Goodyear

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/7/1618.full.pdf - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...1618.full.pdf

metabolic syndrome low T Testosterone low T low Testosterone SHBG men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 14
     
    Men with low T and low SHBG have a significantly elevated risk of metabolic syndrome.  Other studies have actually shown that low SHBG is more associated and that TT is more than free Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Literature - 0 views

jaha.ahajournals.org/...e000272.full

Testosterone men male cardiovascular disease low T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Low endogenous bioavailable testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality.39,41,46–47 Patients suffering from CAD,13–18 CHF,137 T2DM,25–26 and obesity27–28
  • have all been shown to have lower levels of endogenous testosterone compared with those in healthy controls. In addition, the severity of CAD15,17,29–30 and CHF137 correlates with the degree of testosterone deficiency
  • In patients with CHF, testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise tolerance while having no effect on LVEF
  • ...66 more annotations...
  • testosterone therapy causes a shift in the skeletal muscle of CHF patients toward a higher concentration of type I muscle fibers
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has also been shown to improve the homeostatic model of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c in diabetics26,68–69 and to lower the BMI in obese patients.
  • Lower levels of endogenous testosterone have been associated with longer duration of the QTc interval
  • testosterone replacement has been shown to shorten the QTc interval
  • negative correlation has been demonstrated between endogenous testosterone levels and IMT of the carotid arteries, abdominal aorta, and thoracic aorta
  • These findings suggest that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone may be at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
  • Current guidelines from the Endocrine Society make no recommendations on whether patients with heart disease should be screened for hypogonadism and do not recommend supplementing patients with heart disease to improve survival.
  • The Massachusetts Male Aging Study also projects ≈481 000 new cases of hypogonadism annually in US men within the same age group
  • since 1993 prescriptions for testosterone, regardless of the formulation, have increased nearly 500%
  • Testosterone levels are lower in patients with chronic illnesses such as end‐stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and several genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone are more prone to develop CAD during their lifetimes
  • There are 2 major potential confounding factors that the older studies generally failed to account for. These factors are the subfraction of testosterone used to perform the analysis and the method used to account for subclinical CAD.
  • The biologically inactive form of testosterone is tightly bound to SHBG and is therefore unable to bind to androgen receptors
  • The biologically inactive fraction of testosterone comprises nearly 68% of the total testosterone in human serum
  • The biologically active subfraction of testosterone, also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is either loosely bound to albumin or circulates freely in the blood, the latter referred to as free testosterone
  • It is estimated that ≈30% of total serum testosterone is bound to albumin, whereas the remaining 1% to 3% circulates as free testosterone
  • it can be argued that using the biologically active form of testosterone to evaluate the association with CAD will produce the most reliable results
  • English et al14 found statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in patients with catheterization‐proven CAD compared with controls with normal coronary arteries
  • patients with catheterization‐proven CAD had statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • In conclusion, existing evidence suggests that men with CAD have lower levels of endogenous testosterone,13–18 and more specifically lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • low testosterone levels are associated with risk factors for CAD such as T2DM25–26 and obesity
  • In a meta‐analysis of these 7 population‐based studies, Araujo et al41 showed a trend toward increased cardiovascular mortality associated with lower levels of total testosterone, but statistical significance was not achieved (RR, 1.25
  • the authors showed that a decrease of 2.1 standard deviations in levels of total testosterone was associated with a 25% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality
  • the relative risk of all‐cause mortality in men with lower levels of total testosterone was calculated to be 1.35
  • higher risk of cardiovascular mortality is associated with lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • Existing evidence seems to suggest that lower levels of endogenous testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
  • studies have shown that lower levels of endogenous bioavailable testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality
  • It may be possible that using bioavailable testosterone to perform mortality analysis will yield more accurate results because it prevents the biologically inactive subfraction of testosterone from playing a potential confounding role in the analysis
  • The earliest published material on this matter dates to the late 1930s
  • the concept that testosterone replacement therapy improves angina has yet to be proven wrong
  • In more recent studies, 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled trials demonstrated that administration of testosterone improves myocardial ischemia in men with CAD
  • The improvement in myocardial ischemia was shown to occur in response to both acute and chronic testosterone therapy and seemed to be independent of whether an intravenous or transdermal formulation of testosterone was used.
  • testosterone had no effect on endothelial nitric oxide activity
  • There is growing evidence from in vivo animal models and in vitro models that testosterone induces coronary vasodilation by modulating the activity of ion channels, such as potassium and calcium channels, on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells
  • Experimental studies suggest that the most likely mechanism of action for testosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells is via modulation of action of non‐ATP‐sensitive potassium ion channels, calcium‐activated potassium ion channels, voltage‐sensitive potassium ion channels, and finally L‐type calcium ion channels
  • Corona et al confirmed those results by demonstrating that not only total testosterone levels are lower among diabetics, but also the levels of free testosterone and SHBG are lower in diabetic patients
  • Laaksonen et al65 followed 702 Finnish men for 11 years and demonstrated that men in the lowest quartile of total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were more likely to develop T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
  • Vikan et al followed 1454 Swedish men for 11 years and discovered that men in the highest quartile of total testosterone were significantly less likely to develop T2DM
  • authors demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the incidence of T2DM in subjects receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist therapy. In addition, a significant increase in the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and development of cardiovascular disease was noted in patients receiving antiandrogen therapy.67
  • Several authors have demonstrated that the administration of testosterone in diabetic men improves the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting plasma glucose
  • Existing evidence strongly suggests that the levels of total and free testosterone are lower among diabetic patients compared with those in nondiabetics
  • insulin seems to be acting as a stimulant for the hypothalamus to secret gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, which consequently results in increased testosterone production. It can be argued that decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus in diabetics secondary to insulin deficiency could result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
  • BMI has been shown to be inversely associated with testosterone levels
  • This interaction may be a result of the promotion of lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue by testosterone, which may in turn cause reduced abdominal adiposity. On the other hand, given that adipose tissue has a higher concentration of the enzyme aromatase, it could be that increased adipose tissue results in more testosterone being converted to estrogen, thereby causing hypogonadism. Third, increased abdominal obesity may cause reduced testosterone secretion by negatively affecting the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐testicular axis. Finally, testosterone may be the key factor in activating the enzyme 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, which transforms glucocorticoids into their inactive form.
  • increasing age may alter the association between testosterone and CRP. Another possible explanation for the association between testosterone level and CRP is central obesity and waist circumference
  • Bai et al have provided convincing evidence that testosterone might be able to shorten the QTc interval by augmenting the activity of slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channels while simultaneously slowing the activity of L‐type calcium channels
  • consistent evidence that supplemental testosterone shortens the QTc interval.
  • Intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is considered a marker for preclinical atherosclerosis
  • Studies have shown that levels of endogenous testosterone are inversely associated with IMT of the carotid artery,126–128,32,129–130 as well as both the thoracic134 and the abdominal aorta
  • 1 study has demonstrated that lower levels of free testosterone are associated with accelerated progression of carotid artery IMT
  • another study has reported that decreased levels of total and bioavailable testosterone are associated with progression of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta
  • These findings suggest that normal physiologic testosterone levels may help to protect men from the development of atherosclerosis
  • Czesla et al successfully demonstrated that the muscle specimens that were exposed to metenolone had a significant shift in their composition toward type I muscle fibers
  • Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow‐twitch or oxidative fibers, are associated with enhanced strength and physical capability
  • It has been shown that those with advanced CHF have a higher percentage of type II muscle fibers, based on muscle biopsy
  • Studies have shown that men with CHF suffer from reduced levels of total and free testosterone.137 It has also been shown that reduced testosterone levels in men with CHF portends a poor prognosis and is associated with increased CHF mortality.138 Reduced testosterone has also been shown to correlate negatively with exercise capacity in CHF patients.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise capacity, without affecting LVEF
  • the results of the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not cause an increase in the rate of adverse cardiovascular events
  • Data from 3 meta‐analyses seem to contradict the commonly held belief that testosterone administration may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer
  • One meta‐analysis reported an increase in all prostate‐related adverse events with testosterone administration.146 However, when each prostate‐related event, including prostate cancer and a rise in PSA, was analyzed separately, no differences were observed between the testosterone group and the placebo group
  • the existing data from the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events
  • the authors correctly point out the weaknesses of their study which include retrospective study design and lack of randomization, small sample size at extremes of follow‐up, lack of outcome validation by chart review and poor generalizability of the results given that only male veterans with CAD were included in this study
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Dec 13
       
      The authors here present Total Testosterone as a "confounding" value
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 09 Dec 13
       
      This would be HSD-II
  • the studies that failed to find an association between testosterone and CRP used an older population group
  • low testosterone may influence the severity of CAD by adversely affecting the mediators of the inflammatory response such as high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor–α
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13
     
    Good review of Testosterone and CHD.  Low T is associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, obesity, increased IMT,  increased severity of CAD and CHF.  Testosterone replacement in men with low T has been shown to improve exercise tolerance in CHF, improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and lower BMI in the obese.
Nathan Goodyear

Quality of life, self-esteem, fatigue, and sexual function in young men after cancer - Greenfield - 2010 - Cancer - Wiley Online Library - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...abstract

low T low Testosterone cancer quality of life fatigue men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 14
     
    Low Testosterone is common among male cancer survivors after therapy.  Many studies point to low T at the time of diagnosis as a prognostic biomarker.  The low T impairs QOL in this men.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex hormones, leptin and anthropometric indices in men - 0 views

www.jri.ir/...showarticle.aspx

leptin low T low Testosterone Testosterone BMI SHBG men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Oct 14
     
    Low Testosterone associated with increased leptin independent of BMI.  Increased leptin, low T, and SHBG were associated with increasing BMI in men.  Excluding BMI points to a more cause-effect relationship between elevated leptin and low T in men.
Nathan Goodyear

Evidence for hypogonadism in massively obese ... [Horm Metab Res. 1981] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...7198085

obesity obese overweight low T low T testosterone low testosterone aromatase SHBG estradiol men male hyogonadism

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Nov 12
     
    In obese men, low T is the result of increased estradiol formation from aromatase activity.  Low SHBG is no enough to offset the decrease in free T levels.
Nathan Goodyear

Systematic literature review of the risk factors, ... [Andrology. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25269643

cochrane low T low Testosterone aging obesity metabolic syndrome health men male low T Testosterone mortality CVD cardiovascular

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Oct 14
     
    10 year Cochrane review finds low T associated with aging, obesity, MetS, and poor health.  The authors suggest that low T "may be linked to earlier all-cause and cardiovascular related mortality among men".  This is supported by other studies.  Only abstract available here.
Nathan Goodyear

Wasting syndrome with deep bradycardia as ... [BMC Endocr Disord. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25260871

CVD cardiovascular disease low T low Testosterone low T Testosterone heart failure CHF health men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Sep 14
     
    long standing low T linked to bradycardia and heart failure in case series.  Exact relationship of cause/effect unknown, though low T has been shown to be associated with wide spectrum of increased risk of CVD.
Nathan Goodyear

Hypogonadal Symptoms Are Associated With Different S... [Urology. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25288577

Testosterone total testosterone low T low T low Testosterone hypogonadism men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Oct 14
     
    This study looked at Total Testosterone and prevalence of low T symptoms.  As the authors stated, increased prevalence was found between 320 and 375 ng/dl.  Whereas, < 300 ng/dl was consistent with predictable low T symptoms.  It would have be more thorough if they had looked at salivary Testosterone levels and bioavailable as well.
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